Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data

cDNA Microarray Data Normalization

Normalization of cDNA microarray data.

Normalization means to adjust microarray data for effects which arise from variation in the technology rather than from biological differences between the RNA samples or between the printed probes. This paper describes normalization methods based on the fact that dye balance typically varies with spot intensity and with spatial position on the array. Print-tip loess normalization provides a wel...

New Normalization Methods for CDNA Microarray Data

MOTIVATION The focus of this paper is on two new normalization methods for cDNA microarrays. After the image analysis has been performed on a microarray and before differentially expressed genes can be detected, some form of normalization must be applied to the microarrays. Normalization removes biases towards one or other of the fluorescent dyes used to label each mRNA sample allowing for prop...

Normalization of cDNA Microarray Data By Using Neural Networks

In microarray experiments, there are a variety of systematic errors to affect the measured gene expression levels. Although a number of algorithms were proposed for the normalization of different type of cDNA microarray data, they have encountered many difficulties due to the complex nonlinear sources of systematic error. In this case, a nonlinear normalization method is of great potential to d...

analysis of ruin probability for insurance companies using markov chain

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